spinal surgery

Diagnosis: isthmic spondylolisthesis (L4, grade I).

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Male, 62-year-old. Diagnosis: isthmic spondylolisthesis (L4, grade I).

Preoperative reformatted sagittal Computerized Tomography (CT) image.

Photos of intraoperative image-guided spinal navigation.

Intraoperative photo of the placement of the minimally invasive tubular retractor.

Postoperative anterior-posterior radiograph.

Closed minimally invasive incisions.