spinal surgery

Diagnosis: lumbar spinal instability

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Female, 51-year-old. Diagnosis: lumbar spinal instability

Preoperative lateral radiograph.

Photos of intraoperative image-guided spinal navigation.

Intraoperative photo of the placement of expandable cannulas, Quadrant system (Medtronic Sofamor-Danek)

Intraoperative photo taken with integrated placement of tubular retractor and navigation system.

Postoperatively minimally invasive incisions.

Postoperative anterior-posterior radiograph.